© J. Helm/BGC

Department Biogeochemical Processes

Prof. Trumbore

The Biogeochemical Processes Division studies key processes and organisms that regulate the exchange of energy, water, and chemical compounds between ecosystems and their environments, and how these processes are affected by changes in climate and land use.

Within this broad goal, the Department maintains a focus on processes that are critical to understanding feedbacks between the land carbon cycle and climate and where lack of fundamental understanding currently limits the ability to predict the role of land as a source or sink for carbon in the coming decades to centuries. Broadly, the research in the Department shares the common goal to investigate processes that control how long carbon resides in ecosystem compartments, at spatial scales that span organisms to landscapes. Because of the importance of carbon to living organisms in storing energy and building structures, these processes are also fundamental to the functioning of ecosystems and their response to change.  

At the organism (microbe or plant) scale, we investigate how environmental controls such as drought or substrate availability influence resource allocation and activity in ways that can alter the timescales of carbon storage. At the ecosystem scale, we investigate how biotic (e.g. community diversity) and abiotic factors (mineralogy or climate) alter land-atmosphere exchange and the timescales for stabilization or destabilization of C in soils. At the landscape scale, we assess how disturbance processes such as fire, drought, windthrow and herbivory, can alter ecosystem carbon stocks and cycling.

Approaches and Tools

Quantifying responses and feedbacks in complex, coupled systems requires a range of tools and approaches. Laboratory experiments manipulate individual factors such as temperature, biodiversity or nutrient availability to document how different components of the ecosystem respond to changing environmental conditions. We participate in large field experiments that manipulate biodiversity (Jena experiment) and disturbances such as fire (Tanguro experiment).  Field observations of gradients of biodiversity through land management (Biodiversity Exploratories), or windthrows (ATTO) provide long-term field ‘experiments’.  Links to our own Theory group, as well as other modeling groups in the Institute allow us to use our results to test theories/models of ecosystem/organism function. We also actively develop new analytical tools that allow us to evaluate the importance of processes across a range of spatial and temporal scales.

Recent Publications

Ivanova, A.; Tang, W.; Simon, C.; Dührkop, K.; Böcker, S.; Gleixner, G.: Enhancing chimeric fragmentation spectra deconvolution using direct infusion–tandem mass spectrometry across high-resolution mass spectrometric platforms. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 40 (3), e10170 (2026)
Finck, J.; Chowdhury, S.; Griffiths, R. I.; Malik, A. A.; Eisenhauer, N.; Lange, M.; Mendes, L. W.; Gleixner, G.: Plant diversity induces shifts from microbial generalists to specialist by enhancing niche differentiation, microbiome connectivity, and network stability in a temperate grassland. Environmental Microbiome (2026)
Kalinski, J.-C.; Brandã o da Costa, B. R.; Schramm, T.; Buckett, L. R.; Carlson, L. T.; Coffey, N. R.; Damiani, T.; Dechent, E.; El Abiead, Y.; Heuckeroth, S. et al.; Jennings, E. K.; Kaesler, J.; Stock, N. L.; Orme, A. M.; Torres, R. R.; Trojahn, S.; Whelton, H. L.; Yan, Y.; Aron, A. T.; Boiteau, R. M.; Bull, I. D.; Dorrestein, P. C.; Dang, D. H.; Evershed, R. P.; Gledhill, M.; Gleixner, G.; Haas, A. F.; Hansen, M.; Harder, T.; Hopmans, E. C.; Ingalls, A. E.; Karst, U.; Kew, W.; Soule, M. K.; Koch, B. P.; Kujawinski, E. B.; Lechtenfeld, O. J.; Longnecker, K.; Pluskal, T.; Pohnert, G.; Redman, Z. C.; Rivas-Ubach, A.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Singer, G.; Tebben, J.; Tomco, P. L.; Ward, N. D.; Aluwihare, L. I.; Simon, C.; Hawkes, J.; Petras, D.: Comparability of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of dissolved organic matter across laboratories. Environmental Science & Technology (2026)
Negron-Juarez, R.; Feng, Y.; Sheil, D.; Keller, M.; Ordway, E. M.; Marra, D. M.; Urquiza-Muñoz, J. D.: Widespread forest disturbance from windthrow in central African rainforests. npj Natural Hazards 3, 9 (2026)
Botia, S.; Dias-Junior, C. Q.; Komiya, S.; van der Woude, A.; Terristi, M.; de Kok, R.; Koren, G.; van Asperen, H.; Jones, S. P.; D'Oliveira, F. A. F. et al.; Weber, U.; Marques-Filho, E.; Toro, I. M. C.; Araújo, A.; Lavric, J.; Walter, D.; Li, X.; Wigneron, J.-P.; Stocker, B.; de Souza, J. G.; O'Sullivan, M.; Sitch, S.; Ciais, P.; Chevallier, F.; Li, W.; Luijkx, I. T.; Peters, W.; Quesada, C. A.; Zaehle, S.; Trumbore, S. E.; Bastos, A.: Reduced vegetation uptake during the extreme 2023 drought turns the Amazon into a weak carbon source. AGU Advances 7 (1), e2025AV001658 (2026)
Maia-Braga, P. L.; Bueno, A. S.; Maximiano, M. F. A.; Haugaasen, T.; Anciães, M.; Blake, J. G.; Loiselle, B. A.; Borges, S. H.; Menger, J.; Dantas, S. et al.; Melinski, R. D.; Souza, A. H. N.; de Abreu, F. H. T.; Boss, R. L.; Peres, C. A.: Patterns of understorey bird diversity across Amazonian forests: survey effort and range maps predict local species richness. Ecography, e07625 (2026)
Sierra, C.; Trumbore, S. E.: Radiocarbon and the transit time of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Current Climate Change Reports 12 (1) (2026)
Hild, K.; Kwarkye, N.; Huang, C.; Harms, H.; Chatzinotas, A.; Ritschel, T.; Totsche, K. U.; Wick, L. Y.: Transport and survival of marine tracer phages in topsoil at field conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 60 (1), pp. 677 - 687 (2026)
Chambers, J. Q.; Lima, A. J. N.; Pastorello, G.; Gimenez, B. O.; Meng, L.; Dyer, L. A.; Feng, Y.; da Silva, C. S.; de Oliveira, R. C.; Weber, A. et al.; Koven, C.; Negrón-Juárez, R.; Spanner, G. C.; Gaui, T. D.; Fontes, C. G.; de Araújo, A. C.; McDowell, N.; Leung, R.; Marra, D. M.; Warren, J.; Souza, D. C.; Wright, C.; Jardine, K.; Longo, M.; Xu, C.; Fine, P. V. A.; Fisher, R. A.; Tomasella, J.; Santos, J. d.; Higuchi, N.: Hot droughts in the Amazon provide a window to a future hypertropical climate. Nature (2025)
Moossen, H.; Steur, P. M.; Camin, F.; Krajnc, B.; Enke, A.; Geilmann, H.; Paul, D.; Lange, M.; von Rein, I.; Meijer, H. A. J.: How well do we know VPDB—Part 2: Interlaboratory assessment of existing delta13C VPDB reference Materials. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 40 (4), e10171 (2025)

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