In the background we see sand dunes. In the foreground is an oasis. Many trees with orange leaves stand along a river shore and small ponds at the edge of the desert.

Dryland ecosystem processes

Studying vegetation-soil dynamics in drylands

Background

A hilly landscape is covered with some fields, bushes and small trees. — Mediterranean dryland forest in Montes de Toledo, Ciudad Real Province, Spain

Mediterranean dryland forest in Montes de Toledo, Ciudad Real Province, Spain

Drylands cover 46% of the global land area and are home to three billion people, but they are also extremely sensitive to climate variations and land use changes. In particular, increasing climate extremes (heat and drought) and human activities (over-grazing) may exceed the tolerance limit of human, vegetation or livestock in drylands, thereby accelerating land degradation, biodiversity loss, water and food shortage. Reducing these severe consequences requires a mechanistic understanding and modeling of dryland ecosystem processes in a changing environment.

Objective

In the framework of a collaborative project between Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC) and Chinese Academy of Sciences for Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (CAS-RCEES), this project group is established to improve our understanding of the processes that govern dryland vegetation dynamics (growth, mortality, and turnover) and their interactions with soil carbon dynamics, providing a mechanistic basis for understanding and modeling the carbon cycle of dryland ecosystems in a changing world. Specially, we aim to:

A typical savanna ecosystem with oak trees and grasses

A typical savanna ecosystem with oak trees and grasses

identify key traits and processes that determine forest productivity and resilience to extreme events;
identify environmental and biological factors that determine carbon turnover time of vegetation and soil.

Approaches

The project group combines state-of-the-art laboratory protocols like analysis of primary and secondary metabolites (i.e. LC/GC-UV/MS) and isotopes (¹³C,¹⁴C, ¹⁸O), with field experiments (e.g. rainfall manipulation) and techniques (e.g. isotopic labeling).