Publications

Besnard, S.; Heinrich, V. H. A.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, P.; Herold, M.; Luijkx, I.; Peters, W.; Suarez, D. R.; Santoro, M.; Yang, H.: Global covariation of forest age transitions with the net carbon balance. Nature Ecology & Evolution 9, pp. 1848 - 1860 (2025)

Bao, S.; Carvalhais, N.; Xu, J.; Chen, J.; Lei, Y.; Tana, G.; Lin, C.; Shi, J.: Global distribution pattern in characteristics of gross primary productivity response to soil water availability. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 372, 110701 (2025)

De, R.; Bao, S.; Koirala, S.; Brenning, A.; Reichstein, M.; Tagesson, T.; Liddell, M.; Ibrom, A.; Wolf, S.; Sigut, L. et al.; Hörtnagl, L.; Woodgate, W.; Korkiakoski, M.; Merbold, L.; Black, T. A.; Roland, M. E.; Klosterhalfen, A.; Blanken, P. D.; Knox, S.; Sabbatini, S.; Gielen, B.; Montagnani, L.; Fensholt, R.; Wohlfahrt, G.; Desai, A. R.; Paul-Limoges, E.; Galvagno, M.; Hammerle, A.; Jocher, G.; Reverter, B. R.; Holl, D.; Chen, J.; Vitale, L.; Arain, M. A.; Carvalhais, N.: Addressing challenges in simulating inter-annual variability of gross primary production. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (5), e2024MS004697 (2025)

Poehls, J.; Alonso, L.; Koirala, S.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.: Downscaling soil moisture to sub-km resolutions with simple machine learning ensembles. Journal of Hydrology 652, 132624 (2025)

Karasante, I.; Alonso, L.; Prapas, I.; Ahuja, A.; Carvalhais, N.; Papoutsis, I.: SeasFire cube - a multivariate dataset for global wildfire modeling. Scientific Data 12, 368 (2025)

Lee, H. T.; Jung, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.; Forkel, M.; Bloom, A. A.; Pacheco-Labrador, J.; Koirala, S.: Spatial attribution of temporal variability in global land-atmosphere CO₂ exchange using a model-data integration framework. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (3), e2024MS004479v (2025)

Camps-Valls, G.; Fernández-Torres, M.-Á.; Cohrs, K.-H.; Höhl, A.; Castelletti, A.; Pacal, A.; Robin, C.; Martinuzzi, F.; Papoutsis, I.; Prapas, I. et al.; Pérez-Aracil, J.; Weigel, K.; Gonzalez-Calabuig, M.; Reichstein, M.; Rabel, M.; Giuliani, M.; Mahecha, M. D.; Popescu, O.-I.; Pellicer-Valero, O. J.; Ouala, S.; Salcedo-Sanz, S.; Sippel, S.; Kondylatos, S.; Happé, T.; Williams, T.: Artificial intelligence for modeling and understanding extreme weather and climate events. Nature Communications 16, 1919 (2025)

Neigh, C. S. R.; Montesano, P. M.; Sexton, J. O.; Wooten, M.; Wagner, W.; Feng, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Calle, L.; Carroll, M. L.: Russian forests show strong potential for young forest growth. Communications Earth & Environment 6, 71 (2025)

Ji, C.; Fincke, T.; Benson, V.; Camps-Valls, G.; Fernández-Torres, M.-Á.; Gans, F.; Kraemer, G.; Martinuzzi, F.; Montero, D.; Mora, K. et al.; Pellicer-Valero, O. J.; Robin, C.; Söchting, M.; Weynants, M.; Mahecha, M. D.: DeepExtremeCubes: Earth system spatio-temporal data for assessing compound heatwave and drought impacts. Scientific Data 12, 149 (2025)

Wang, T.; Zhang, Y.; Yue, C.; Wang, Y.; Wang, X.; Lyu, G.; Wei, J.; Yang, H.; Piao, S.: Progress and challenges in remotely sensed terrestrial carbon fluxes. Geo-spatial Information Science 28 (1), pp. 1 - 21 (2025)

Björn, L.; Leshchinskiy, B.; Boulais, O.; Chishtie, F.; Díaz-Rodríguez, N.; Masson-Forsythe, M.; Mata-Payerro, A.; Requena Mesa, C.; Sankaranarayanan, A.; Piña, A. et al.; Gal, Y.; Raïssi, C.; Lavin, A.; Newman, D.: Generating physically-consistent satellite imagery for climate visualizations. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 62, 4213311 (2024)

Raoult, N.; Douglas, N.; MacBean, N.; Kolassa, J.; Quaife, T.; Roberts, A. G.; Fisher, R. A.; Fer, I.; Bacour, C.; Dagon, K. et al.; Hawkins, L.; Carvalhais, N.; Cooper, E.; Dietze, M.; Gentine, P.; Kaminski, T.; Kennedy, D.; Liddy, H. M.; Moore, D.; Peylin, P.; Pinnington, E.; Sanderson, B. M.; Scholze, M.; Seiler, C.; Smallman, T. L.; Vergopolan, N.; Viskari, T.; Williams, M.; Zobitz, J.: Parameter estimation in land surface models: Challenges and opportunities with data assimilation and machine learning. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (11), e2024MS004733 (2024)

Liu, G.; Migliavacca, M.; Reimers, C.; Kraft, B.; Reichstein, M.; Richardson, A. D.; Wingate, L.; Delpierre, N.; Yang, H.; Winkler, A.: DeepPhenoMem V1.0: Deep learning modelling of canopy greenness dynamics accounting for multi-variate meteorological memory effects on vegetation phenology. Geoscientific Model Development 17 (17), pp. 6683 - 6701 (2024)

Fang, Z.; Zhang, W.; Wang, L.; Schurgers, G.; Ciais, P.; Peñuelas, J.; Brandt, M.; Yang, H.; Huang, K.; Shen, Q. et al.; Fensholt, R.: Global increase in the optimal temperature for the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Communications Earth & Environment 5, 466 (2024)

Cohrs, K.-H.; Varando, G.; Camps-Valls, G.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.: Causal hybrid modeling with double machine learning—applications in carbon flux modeling. Machine Learning: Science and Technology 5 (3), 035021 (2024)

Fan, L.; Cui, T.; Wigneron, J.-P.; Ciais, P.; Sitch, S.; Brandt, M.; Li, X.; Niu, S.; Xiao, X.; Chave, J. et al.; Wu, C.; Li, W.; Yuan, W.; Xing, Z.; Li, X.; Wang, M.; Liu, X.; Chen, X.; Qin, Y.; Yang, H.; Tang, Q.; Li, Y.; Ma, M.; Fensholt, R.: Dominant role of the non-forest woody vegetation in the post 2015/16 El Niño tropical carbon recovery. Global Change Biology 30 (7), e17423 (2024)

Li, X.; Huntingford, C.; Wang, K.; Cui, J.; Xu, H.; Kan, F.; Anniwaer, N.; Yang, H.; Peñuelas, J.; Piao, S.: Increased crossing of thermal stress thresholds of vegetation under global warming. Global Change Biology 30 (7), e17406 (2024)

Wang, S.; Yang, H.; Koirala, S.; Forkel, M.; Reichstein, M.; Carvalhais, N.: Understanding disturbance regimes from patterns in modeled forest biomass. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16 (6), e2023MS004099 (2024)

Denissen, J. M. C.; Teuling, A. J.; Koirala, S.; Reichstein, M.; Balsamo, G.; Vogel, M. M.; Yu, X.; Orth, R.: Intensified future heat extremes linked with increasing ecosystem water limitation. Earth System Dynamics 15 (3), pp. 717 - 734 (2024)

Zhan, C.; Orth, R.; Yang, H.; Reichstein, M.; Zaehle, S.; De Kauwe, M. G.; Rammig, A.; Winkler, A.: Estimating the CO₂ fertilization effect on extratropical forest productivity from Flux-tower observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 129 (6), e2023JG007910 (2024)