Research and Project Groups

Research and Project groups of the Department of Biogeochemical Integration

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The Atmosphere-Biosphere Coupling, Climate and Causality research group focuses
on identifying feedbacks and casual links in the exchange of carbon, water and
energy fluxes between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere.

The Eco-Meteorology group utilizes different micrometeorological methods and modelling approaches
to investigate land-atmosphere interactions for dryland (e.g., Mediterranean savanna) and wetland ecosystems (e.g. Blue Carbon).

The Global Diagnostic Modeling group develops and analyzes global data-driven estimates of carbon,
water and energy fluxes by integrating in-situ measurements, satellite remote sensing and meteorological
reanalysis using machine learning and model data fusion techniques.

The Model-Data Integration group is strongly motivated by the challenges of
representing terrestrial ecosystem fluxes in space and time in Earth system science.
We explore strategies and develop methods to extract information from data and translate
it into models to improve the understanding of ecosystem function.

The Soil Biogeochemistry group aims to understand and quantify the role of subsurface processes
in biogeochemical cycles at different spatial scales. Our main goal is to explain the persistence
of organic matter in soils,m their vulnerability to global environmental and land use changes.

In the face of increasing environmental and climatic pressures, it is imperative to improve our understanding of the variability and causality underlying
biogeochemical cycles across different spatial and temporal scales. The research of the Machine Learning for Hydrological and Earth Systems (ML4HES) group, which is
also part of the ELLIS Unit Jena, is at its core motivated by the objective of exploring how environmental and climate sciences can benefit from advances in machine
learning and artificial intelligence.

The Ecosystem Function from Earth Observation group aims to rethink how we
can quantify and map the functional properties of ecosystems from space.

The Cross-Scale Terrestrial Ecophysiology (XTE) group is focused on taking
understanding gained from on the ground measurements into the context of broad
scale carbon, water and energy cycles, via knowledge guided, data driven methodologies.

The Modelling Interactions in Soil Systems (MISS) project group concentrates on understanding the
dynamics and feedbacks in soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and decomposition. The group emphasizes the role of
mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) under changing environmental conditions.

Satellite measurements offer indirect but large-scale information about the status and health of ecosystems,
also in inaccessible areas. Observations in different spectral regions give complementary information on different aspects
such as the greenness or water content of the canopy. The vegetation in turn strongly drives the exchange processes of CO2,
water and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. In the case of CO2, the land ecosystems also compensate a large
part of anthropogenic emissions.
Our main goal is therefore the accurate quantification, and possibly a better understanding, of these exchange processes.

The group "Adapting Machine Learning for the Earth System" adapts machine learning methods to better understand the Earth system.
It particularly focuses on the relationships between weather, climate, and terrestrial vegetation.
Our goal is to analyze the complex interactions between these variables and contribute to our understanding of biogeochemistry.

The research of the Scalable Spatiotemporal Data Structures and Analytics focuses on finding
strategies to handle these diverse and very large datasets in an efficient way to build
data analysis pipelines that fulfill the needs of our scientific questions.

light green = project groups                                                                                   dark green = research groups

 

Former Research Groups

Biod.AI.versity
Group leader: Jana Wäldchen

For many years, the Biod.AI.versity group’s research focused on the Flora Incognita project. The aim of this project was to develop powerful AI methods for the automatic recognition of more than 30,000 plant species worldwide. In addition to scientific work on automated plant identification, the Flora Incognita app was created, making these technologies accessible to the general public. By 2025, it had been downloaded over 10 million times, making it one of the most successful identification apps. The app not only enables reliable identification of plants, but also provides valuable research data that help to better understand ecological change and the loss of biodiversity. Since August 2025, the Biod.AI.versity group has been established as an independent research group, “Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Society,” at the MPI-BGC. It increasingly focuses on analyzing citizen-science data to investigate a wide range of ecological questions. more
Climate-ecosystem-disturbance interactions group
Group leader: Ana Bastos

The Climate-Ecosystem-Disturbance Interactions group focuses on the links between climate variability and change, disturbance regimes and ecosystem structure and functioning, at regional to global scales.

More specifically, the group’s research aims to (i) quantify ecosystem vulnerability and resilience to climate extremes and changes in disturbance patterns, including the role of management; (ii) understand the effects of compound disturbances (climatic and/or biotic) on ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycling; (iii) gain insights on the drivers of inter-annual to decadal variability in the carbon cycle with a focus on ocean-atmosphere-land teleconnections.
  more
Group leader: René Orth

The HydroBioClim group explored the interplay of soils, vegetation and atmosphere. Through modelling and observation data analysis the group contributed to
(1) a better management of extremes such as droughts and heat waves, 
(2) improved hydro-meteorological forecasts, and
(3) more reliable climate change projections. more
Project group leader: Basil Kraft

The research group investigated approaches to use deep learning for process understanding via explainable machine learning (XAI) and hybrid modeling, the combination of physically-based modeling and machine learning. Scientific insights can either be achieved via built-in mechanisms (e.g., hybrid modeling) or via post-hoc explanations. Both approaches are motivated by the ever-growing amounts of Earth observation data, the limited capability of traditional, physically-based models to reproduce observed patterns, and the capability of modern deep learning approaches to approximate the behavior of complex Earth system processes. more
Terrestrial Biosphere Modelling (TBM)
Group Leader: Sönke Zaehle
The Terrestrial Biosphere Modelling Group (TBM) aims at improving the understanding of the interactions of the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus at temporal and spatial scales for relevant for the Earth System. To accomplish this goal, the group develops and employs numerical models of terrestrial biosphere processes, and uses observational constraints obtained from biosphere monitoring or ecosystem manipulation to challenge model formulations. An improved representation of key (eco-physiological) processes, in particular those affecting nutrient availability and its role in ecosystem dynamics, is a key component of the group's research. The group investigates the consequences of the coupling of the terrestrial biogeochemical cycles for biogeochemical and biogeophysical interactions with the climate system. more

Empirical Inference of the Earth System

Group Leader: former: Miguel Mahecha. Current: Markus Reichstein
The Global Empirical Inference Group reveled insights from observations by means of data-driven research is a key element in Earth system sciences. Long-term observations of multiple Earth system properties encode our knowledge on how land-surface processes respond to climatic variability and interact with biodiversity. They developed methods to extract the valuable information in these data in order to confront them with models, and gain new insights. We aim at a more profound understanding of changing land ecosystems and their responses to and interactions with climate anomalies..

Terrestrial Ecosystem Modelling Group

Group Leader: Christian Beer
The Terrestrial Ecosystem Modelling Group (2006 - 2014) led by Christian Beer investigated interactions between thermal, hydrological and carbon processes in the context of climate change by a mechanistic modeling approach with a main focus on ecosystems at high latitudes.
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