Publications of Nuno Carvalhais

Duncanson, L.; Montesano, P.M.; Neuenschwander, A.; Zarringhalam, A.; Thomas, N.; Minor, D.M.; Wulder, M.A.; White, J.C.; Guenther, E.; Feng, T. et al.; Leitold, V.; Hancock, S.; Armston, J.; Puliti, S.; Mandel, A.I.; Shah, S.; Silva, C.; Purslow, M.; Bruening, J.; Breidenbach, J.; Næsset, E.; Saarela, S.; Hunka, N.; Kellner, J.R.; Healey, S.P.; Schepaschenko, D.; Wallerman, J.; Neigh, C.S.R.; Carvalhais, N.; Dubayah, R.: Global and boreal estimates of woody aboveground biomass for 2020: Filling GEDI'S northern data gap with ICESat-2 and harmonized landsat sentinel-2. Remote Sensing of Environment 340, 115406 (2026)

Ritter, F.; Ciais, P.; Senf, C.; Santoro, M.; Xu, Y.; Pelissier-Tanon, A.; Schwartz, M.; Fayad, I.; Carvalhais, N.; Brandt, M. et al.; Fensholt, R.; Besnard, S.; Avitabile, V.: Alarming decline in the carbon sink of European forests driven by disturbances. National Science Review (accepted)

Moreno-Martínez, Á.; Muñoz-Marí, J.; Adsuara, J. E.; Dechant, B.; Kattge, J.; Kattenborn, T.; Sabatini, F. M.; Schneider, F. D.; Duveiller, G.; van Bodegom, P. M. et al.; Butler, E. E.; Mahecha, M. D.; Izquierdo-Verdiguier, E.; Peñuelas, J.; Boenisch, G.; Pavlick, R.; Townsend, P. A.; Carvalhais, N.; Lusk, D.; Camps-Valls, G.: Leveraging remote sensing and crowd-sourced biodiversity data for enhanced plant functional trait mapping. Nature Communications (2026)

Scipal, K.; Albinet, C.; Caccia, M.; Carbone, A.; Carvalhais, N.; Chave, J.; Dall, J.; Fehringer, M.; Leanza, A.; Le Toan, T. et al.; Malik, M.; Novelli, A.; Paillou, P.; Papathanassiou, K. P.; Patterson, J.; Pinheiro, M.; Quegan, S.; Reichstein, M.; Rommen, B.; Saatchi, S.; Shugart, H. H.; Tebaldini, S.; Ulander, L. M. H.; Valentino, A.; Willemsen, P.; Williams, M.: BIOMASS: ESA’s P-Band SAR Mission. Proceedings of the IEEE (2026)

Feng, M.; Sexton, J. O.; Wang, P.; Montesano, P. M.; Calle, L.; Carvalhais, N.; Poulter, B.; Macander, M. J.; Wulder, M. A.; Wooten, M. et al.; Wagner, W.; Elders, A.; Channan, S.; Neigh, C. S.R.: Northward shift of boreal tree cover confirmed by satellite record. Biogeosciences 23 (3), pp. 1089 - 1101 (2026)

Pu, J.; Chang, Y.; Gao, S.; Bao, S.; Yan, K.; Sun, X.; Carvalhais, N.; Myneni, R. B.: MCI GPP: ensembling a global model- and climate-independent gross primary productivity for 2001–2023. Scientific Data 12, 1965 (2025)

ElGhawi, R.; Reimers, C.; Schnur, R.; Reichstein, M.; Körner, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Winkler, A. J.: Hybrid‐modeling of land‐atmosphere fluxes using integrated machine learning in the ICON‐ESM modeling framework. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (12), e2025MS005102 (2025)

Besnard, S.; Heinrich, V. H. A.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, P.; Herold, M.; Luijkx, I.; Peters, W.; Suarez, D. R.; Santoro, M.; Yang, H.: Global covariation of forest age transitions with the net carbon balance. Nature Ecology & Evolution 9, pp. 1848 - 1860 (2025)

Bao, S.; Carvalhais, N.; Xu, J.; Chen, J.; Lei, Y.; Tana, G.; Lin, C.; Shi, J.: Global distribution pattern in characteristics of gross primary productivity response to soil water availability. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 372, 110701 (2025)

De, R.; Bao, S.; Koirala, S.; Brenning, A.; Reichstein, M.; Tagesson, T.; Liddell, M.; Ibrom, A.; Wolf, S.; Sigut, L. et al.; Hörtnagl, L.; Woodgate, W.; Korkiakoski, M.; Merbold, L.; Black, T. A.; Roland, M. E.; Klosterhalfen, A.; Blanken, P. D.; Knox, S.; Sabbatini, S.; Gielen, B.; Montagnani, L.; Fensholt, R.; Wohlfahrt, G.; Desai, A. R.; Paul-Limoges, E.; Galvagno, M.; Hammerle, A.; Jocher, G.; Reverter, B. R.; Holl, D.; Chen, J.; Vitale, L.; Arain, M. A.; Carvalhais, N.: Addressing challenges in simulating inter-annual variability of gross primary production. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (5), e2024MS004697 (2025)

Poehls, J.; Alonso, L.; Koirala, S.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.: Downscaling soil moisture to sub-km resolutions with simple machine learning ensembles. Journal of Hydrology 652, 132624 (2025)

Karasante, I.; Alonso, L.; Prapas, I.; Ahuja, A.; Carvalhais, N.; Papoutsis, I.: SeasFire cube - a multivariate dataset for global wildfire modeling. Scientific Data 12, 368 (2025)

Lee, H. T.; Jung, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.; Forkel, M.; Bloom, A. A.; Pacheco-Labrador, J.; Koirala, S.: Spatial attribution of temporal variability in global land-atmosphere CO₂ exchange using a model-data integration framework. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (3), e2024MS004479v (2025)

Neigh, C. S. R.; Montesano, P. M.; Sexton, J. O.; Wooten, M.; Wagner, W.; Feng, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Calle, L.; Carroll, M. L.: Russian forests show strong potential for young forest growth. Communications Earth & Environment 6, 71 (2025)

Raoult, N.; Douglas, N.; MacBean, N.; Kolassa, J.; Quaife, T.; Roberts, A. G.; Fisher, R. A.; Fer, I.; Bacour, C.; Dagon, K. et al.; Hawkins, L.; Carvalhais, N.; Cooper, E.; Dietze, M.; Gentine, P.; Kaminski, T.; Kennedy, D.; Liddy, H. M.; Moore, D.; Peylin, P.; Pinnington, E.; Sanderson, B. M.; Scholze, M.; Seiler, C.; Smallman, T. L.; Vergopolan, N.; Viskari, T.; Williams, M.; Zobitz, J.: Parameter estimation in land surface models: Challenges and opportunities with data assimilation and machine learning. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (11), e2024MS004733 (2024)

Cohrs, K.-H.; Varando, G.; Camps-Valls, G.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.: Causal hybrid modeling with double machine learning—applications in carbon flux modeling. Machine Learning: Science and Technology 5 (3), 035021 (2024)

Wang, S.; Yang, H.; Koirala, S.; Forkel, M.; Reichstein, M.; Carvalhais, N.: Understanding disturbance regimes from patterns in modeled forest biomass. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16 (6), e2023MS004099 (2024)

Yang, H.; Wang, S.; Son, R.; Lee, H. T.; Benson, V.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Kattge, J.; Boenisch, G. et al.; Schepaschenko, D.; Karaszewski, Z.; Stereńczak, K.; Moreno-Martínez, Á.; Nabais, C.; Birnbaum, P.; Vieilledent, G.; Weber, U.; Carvalhais, N.: Global patterns of tree wood density. Global Change Biology 30 (3), e17224 (2024)

Tao, F.; Houlton, B. Z.; Frey, S. D.; Lehmann, J.; Manzoni, S.; Huang, Y.; Jiang, L.; Mishra, U.; Hungate, B. A.; Schmidt, M. W. I. et al.; Reichstein, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, P.; Wang, Y.-P.; Ahrens, B.; Hugelius, G.; Hocking, T. D.; Lu, X.; Shi, Z.; Viatkin, K.; Vargas, R.; Yigini, Y.; Omuto, C.; Malik, A. A.; Peralta, G.; Cuevas-Corona, R.; Paolo, L. E. D.; Luotto, I.; Liao, C.; Liang, Y.-S.; Saynes, V. S.; Huang, X.; Luo, Y.: Reply to: Model uncertainty obscures major driver of soil carbon. Nature 627, pp. E4 - E6 (2024)

Son, R.; Stacke, T.; Gayler, V.; Nabel, J. E. M. S.; Schnur, R.; Alonso, L.; Requena Mesa, C.; Winkler, A.; Hantson, S.; Zaehle, S. et al.; Weber, U.; Carvalhais, N.: Integration of a deep-learning-based fire model into a global land surface model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16 (1), e2023MS003710 (2024)