Publications of Nuno Carvalhais

Pu, J.; Chang, Y.; Gao, S.; Bao, S.; Yan, K.; Sun, X.; Carvalhais, N.; Myneni, R. B.: MCI GPP: ensembling a global model- and climate-independent gross primary productivity for 2001–2023. Scientific Data 12, 1965 (2025)

ElGhawi, R.; Reimers, C.; Schnur, R.; Reichstein, M.; Körner, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Winkler, A. J.: Hybrid‐modeling of land‐atmosphere fluxes using integrated machine learning in the ICON‐ESM modeling framework. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (12), e2025MS005102 (2025)

Besnard, S.; Heinrich, V. H. A.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, P.; Herold, M.; Luijkx, I.; Peters, W.; Suarez, D. R.; Santoro, M.; Yang, H.: Global covariation of forest age transitions with the net carbon balance. Nature Ecology & Evolution 9, pp. 1848 - 1860 (2025)

Bao, S.; Carvalhais, N.; Xu, J.; Chen, J.; Lei, Y.; Tana, G.; Lin, C.; Shi, J.: Global distribution pattern in characteristics of gross primary productivity response to soil water availability. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 372, 110701 (2025)

De, R.; Bao, S.; Koirala, S.; Brenning, A.; Reichstein, M.; Tagesson, T.; Liddell, M.; Ibrom, A.; Wolf, S.; Sigut, L. et al.; Hörtnagl, L.; Woodgate, W.; Korkiakoski, M.; Merbold, L.; Black, T. A.; Roland, M. E.; Klosterhalfen, A.; Blanken, P. D.; Knox, S.; Sabbatini, S.; Gielen, B.; Montagnani, L.; Fensholt, R.; Wohlfahrt, G.; Desai, A. R.; Paul-Limoges, E.; Galvagno, M.; Hammerle, A.; Jocher, G.; Reverter, B. R.; Holl, D.; Chen, J.; Vitale, L.; Arain, M. A.; Carvalhais, N.: Addressing challenges in simulating inter-annual variability of gross primary production. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (5), e2024MS004697 (2025)

Poehls, J.; Alonso, L.; Koirala, S.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.: Downscaling soil moisture to sub-km resolutions with simple machine learning ensembles. Journal of Hydrology 652, 132624 (2025)

Karasante, I.; Alonso, L.; Prapas, I.; Ahuja, A.; Carvalhais, N.; Papoutsis, I.: SeasFire cube - a multivariate dataset for global wildfire modeling. Scientific Data 12, 368 (2025)

Lee, H. T.; Jung, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.; Forkel, M.; Bloom, A. A.; Pacheco-Labrador, J.; Koirala, S.: Spatial attribution of temporal variability in global land-atmosphere CO₂ exchange using a model-data integration framework. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (3), e2024MS004479v (2025)

Neigh, C. S. R.; Montesano, P. M.; Sexton, J. O.; Wooten, M.; Wagner, W.; Feng, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Calle, L.; Carroll, M. L.: Russian forests show strong potential for young forest growth. Communications Earth & Environment 6, 71 (2025)

Raoult, N.; Douglas, N.; MacBean, N.; Kolassa, J.; Quaife, T.; Roberts, A. G.; Fisher, R. A.; Fer, I.; Bacour, C.; Dagon, K. et al.; Hawkins, L.; Carvalhais, N.; Cooper, E.; Dietze, M.; Gentine, P.; Kaminski, T.; Kennedy, D.; Liddy, H. M.; Moore, D.; Peylin, P.; Pinnington, E.; Sanderson, B. M.; Scholze, M.; Seiler, C.; Smallman, T. L.; Vergopolan, N.; Viskari, T.; Williams, M.; Zobitz, J.: Parameter estimation in land surface models: Challenges and opportunities with data assimilation and machine learning. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (11), e2024MS004733 (2024)

Cohrs, K.-H.; Varando, G.; Camps-Valls, G.; Carvalhais, N.; Reichstein, M.: Causal hybrid modeling with double machine learning—applications in carbon flux modeling. Machine Learning: Science and Technology 5 (3), 035021 (2024)

Wang, S.; Yang, H.; Koirala, S.; Forkel, M.; Reichstein, M.; Carvalhais, N.: Understanding disturbance regimes from patterns in modeled forest biomass. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16 (6), e2023MS004099 (2024)

Yang, H.; Wang, S.; Son, R.; Lee, H. T.; Benson, V.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Kattge, J.; Boenisch, G. et al.; Schepaschenko, D.; Karaszewski, Z.; Stereńczak, K.; Moreno-Martínez, Á.; Nabais, C.; Birnbaum, P.; Vieilledent, G.; Weber, U.; Carvalhais, N.: Global patterns of tree wood density. Global Change Biology 30 (3), e17224 (2024)

Tao, F.; Houlton, B. Z.; Frey, S. D.; Lehmann, J.; Manzoni, S.; Huang, Y.; Jiang, L.; Mishra, U.; Hungate, B. A.; Schmidt, M. W. I. et al.; Reichstein, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, P.; Wang, Y.-P.; Ahrens, B.; Hugelius, G.; Hocking, T. D.; Lu, X.; Shi, Z.; Viatkin, K.; Vargas, R.; Yigini, Y.; Omuto, C.; Malik, A. A.; Peralta, G.; Cuevas-Corona, R.; Paolo, L. E. D.; Luotto, I.; Liao, C.; Liang, Y.-S.; Saynes, V. S.; Huang, X.; Luo, Y.: Reply to: Model uncertainty obscures major driver of soil carbon. Nature 627, pp. E4 - E6 (2024)

Son, R.; Stacke, T.; Gayler, V.; Nabel, J. E. M. S.; Schnur, R.; Alonso, L.; Requena Mesa, C.; Winkler, A.; Hantson, S.; Zaehle, S. et al.; Weber, U.; Carvalhais, N.: Integration of a deep-learning-based fire model into a global land surface model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16 (1), e2023MS003710 (2024)

Fan, N.; Santoro, M.; Besnard, S.; Cartus, O.; Koirala, S.; Carvalhais, N.: Implications of the steady-state assumption for the global vegetation carbon turnover. Environmental Research Letters 18 (10), 104036 (2023)

Bao, S.; Alonso, L.; Wang, S.; Gensheimer, J.; De, R.; Carvalhais, N.: Toward robust parameterizations in ecosystem‐level photosynthesis models. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15 (8), e2022MS003464 (2023)

Tao, Feng, F.; Huang, Y.; Hungate, B. A.; Manzoni, S.; Frey, S. D.; Schmidt, M. W. I.; Reichstein, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, P.; Jiang, L. et al.; Lehmann, J.; Wang, Y.-P.; Houlton, B. Z.; Ahrens, B.; Mishra, U.; Hugelius, G.; Hocking, T. D.; Lu, X.; Shi, Z.; Viatkin, K.; Vargas, R.; Yigini, Y.; Omuto, C.; Malik, A. A.; Peralta, G.; Cuevas-Corona, R.; Di Paolo, L. E.; Luotto, I.; Liao, C.; Liang, Y.-S.; Saynes, V. S.; Huang, X.; Luo, Y.: Microbial carbon use efficiency promotes global soil carbon storage. Nature 618, pp. 981 - 985 (2023)

Pacheco-Labrador, J.; de Bello, F.; Migliavacca, M.; Ma, X.; Carvalhais, N.; Wirth, C.: A generalizable normalization for assessing plant functional diversity metrics across scales from remote sensing. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 14 (8), pp. 2123 - 2136 (2023)

Lee, H. T.; Jung, M.; Carvalhais, N.; Trautmann, T.; Kraft, B.; Reichstein, M.; Forkel, M.; Koirala, S.: Diagnosing modeling errors in global terrestrial water storage interannual variability. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27 (7), pp. 1531 - 1563 (2023)